The Satechi Mini NVMe SSD Enclosure works with recent iPhone models that have a USB-C port. On iPhone Pro models it reaches USB 3 speeds up to 10Gbps.

If you are using a brand new or unformatted 2230 NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) solid state drive (SSD), format it to ExFAT or APFS first so your iPhone can detect it. You can do this on a Mac or Windows computer before connecting the drive to your phone.